Paperbag
A paper bag is a bag made of paper, usually kraft paper. Paper bags can be made either with virgin or recycled fibres to meet customers' demands. Paper bags are commonly used as shopping carrier bags and for packaging of some consumer goods. They carry a wide range of products from groceries, glass bottles, clothing, books, toiletries, electronics and various other goods and can also function as means of transport in day-to-day activities.
Paper bags were first mass produced in 1852 following their invention by Pennsylvania schoolteacher Francis Wolle. Wolle and his brother obtained a patent for the machine that made the bags and soon after founded the Union Paper Bag Company. Square-bottomed bags were soon made afterwards by the English papermaker James Baldwin, who designed an apparatus to made the flat-bottomed bags. Further developments in the size, design, and ease of use for paper bags occurred throughout the 19th century, though bags with carrying handles were only popularized in the 1910s. Plastic bags were introduced in the 1970s and over time replaced paper bags in many stores, though a trend towards lightweight plastic bag bans would cause paper bags to be re-introduced in many places.
Though they take many shapes and can be made from different materials, the paper bag is most often made with a single layer of paper protecting its contents from the outside environment. Bags used in different applications, such as packaging for food, fertilizer, or other dry materials like cement are subject to different quality standards and safety requirements and may be multi-walled or otherwise reinforced. A bag will often indicate its carrying capacity in weight or volume based on performance tests. Some paper bags may be laminated, often with polyethylene, to offer a greater level of protection from moisture and bacteria. As most paper bags are made from fibres extracted from wood, they biodegrade readily and do not have the same ecological footprint as plastic bags.
The term "brown bag" often refers to two specific uses of a paper bag: carrying food prepared at home as a packed lunch, and concealing the label of an alcoholic beverage while in a public area. The former use is often associated with schoolchildren and the working class in the United States, while the latter has been the subject of legislation.
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