Gospel&More
Gospel originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the second century AD the term euangélion (Koine Greek: εὐαγγέλιον, lit. 'good news', from which the English word originated as a calque) came to be used also for the books in which the message was reported. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words and deeds of Jesus Christ, culminating in his trial and death, and concluding with various reports of his post-resurrection appearances.
Gospels represent a variation of Greco-Roman biography. They are meant to convince people that Jesus was a miracle-working holy man and provide examples to emulate. As such, they present the Christian message of the second half of the first century AD. Biblical scholars are therefore cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically as historical documents, and although they afford a good idea of Jesus' public career, critical study has largely failed to distinguish his original ideas from those of the later Christian authors, and the focus of research has therefore shifted to Jesus as remembered by his followers, and understanding the Gospels themselves.
The canonical gospels are the four which appear in the New Testament. They were written between AD 66 and 110. The texts are anonymous, and their authorship is debated in scholarship. Mark was the first to be written, followed by Matthew and Luke, which forms a two-volume work with the Acts of the Apostles. The author of John may have been aware of the synoptic gospels, and the gospel's historical context remains debated. Scholars differ on the reliability of the traditions found in the gospels. The synoptic gospels are the primary sources for reconstructing Christ's ministry, while John is used less since it differs from the synoptics. Current research emphasizes the gospels as the works of creative authors with their own editorial and theological agendas.
Many non-canonical gospels were also written after the four canonical gospels, and like them advocate for the theological views of their authors. Important examples include the gospels of Thomas, Peter, Judas, and Mary; infancy gospels such as that of James (the first to introduce the perpetual virginity of Mary); and gospel harmonies such as the Diatessaron.
Gospel&More
- 2008-03-06T00:00:00.000000Z
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