LEVO

Optical rotation, also known as polarization rotation or circular birefringence, is the rotation of the orientation of the plane of polarization about the optical axis of linearly polarized light as it travels through certain materials. Circular birefringence and circular dichroism are the manifestations of optical activity. Optical activity occurs only in chiral materials, those lacking microscopic mirror symmetry. Unlike other sources of birefringence which alter a beam's state of polarization, optical activity can be observed in fluids. This can include gases or solutions of chiral molecules such as sugars, molecules with helical secondary structure such as some proteins, and also chiral liquid crystals. It can also be observed in chiral solids such as certain crystals with a rotation between adjacent crystal planes (such as quartz) or metamaterials. When looking at the source of light, the rotation of the plane of polarization may be either to the right (dextrorotatory or dextrorotary — d-rotary, represented by (+), clockwise), or to the left (levorotatory or levorotary — l-rotary, represented by (−), counter-clockwise) depending on which stereoisomer is dominant. For instance, sucrose and camphor are d-rotary whereas cholesterol is l-rotary. For a given substance, the angle by which the polarization of light of a specified wavelength is rotated is proportional to the path length through the material and (for a solution) proportional to its concentration. Optical activity is measured using a polarized source and polarimeter. This is a tool particularly used in the sugar industry to measure the sugar concentration of syrup, and generally in chemistry to measure the concentration or enantiomeric ratio of chiral molecules in solution. Modulation of a liquid crystal's optical activity, viewed between two sheet polarizers, is the principle of operation of liquid-crystal displays (used in most modern televisions and computer monitors).

turkish-hip-hop

TRAP ZONE - 2025-05-15T00:00:00.000000Z

Spor Şarkıları: Kan Ter Gözyaşı Rap - 2024-05-20T00:00:00.000000Z

KONDİSYON - 2024-04-05T00:00:00.000000Z

Hüzünlü Melankolik Türkçe Rap - 2024-03-21T00:00:00.000000Z

CELONAPS - 2023-03-23T00:00:00.000000Z

EL CHAVO - 2022-09-09T00:00:00.000000Z

TTB Thouxanban Taliban - 2022-07-29T00:00:00.000000Z

KAFES - 2025-10-17T00:00:00.000000Z

DAİRELER - 2025-08-15T00:00:00.000000Z

YALAN - 2025-08-01T00:00:00.000000Z

GANG LE LE LEY - 2024-02-16T00:00:00.000000Z

BABY - 2024-01-05T00:00:00.000000Z

Sorunlarım Var - 2023-10-27T00:00:00.000000Z

Balotelli - 2023-07-28T00:00:00.000000Z

NANA - 2023-06-23T00:00:00.000000Z

ZARARINA - 2023-03-10T00:00:00.000000Z

Fast Tonight - 2022-10-07T00:00:00.000000Z

KRAL - 2022-09-23T00:00:00.000000Z

Full Koordine - 2022-08-05T00:00:00.000000Z

KIMBO - 2021-12-03T00:00:00.000000Z

Ne Fark Eder - 2021-10-29T00:00:00.000000Z

Çelik - 2021-06-25T00:00:00.000000Z

İlle De Sen - 2021-04-23T00:00:00.000000Z

Yabani - 2020-12-18T00:00:00.000000Z

Seyyah - 2020-11-13T00:00:00.000000Z