DIESES
In classical music from Western culture, a diesis ( DY-ə-siss or enharmonic diesis, plural dieses ( DY-ə-seez), or "difference"; Greek: δίεσις "leak" or "escape"
is either an accidental (see sharp), or a very small musical interval, usually defined as the difference between an octave (in the ratio 2:1) and three justly tuned major thirds (tuned in the ratio 5:4), equal to 128:125 or about 41.06 cents. In 12-tone equal temperament (on a piano for example) three major thirds in a row equal an octave, but three justly-tuned major thirds fall quite a bit narrow of an octave, and the diesis describes the amount by which they are short.
For instance, an octave (2:1) spans from C to C′, and three justly tuned major thirds (5:4) span from C to B♯ (namely, from C, to E, to G♯, to B♯). The difference between C-C′ (2:1) and C-B♯ (125:64) is the diesis (128:125). Notice that this coincides with the interval between B♯ and C′, also called a diminished second.
As a comma, the above-mentioned 128:125 ratio is also known as the lesser diesis, enharmonic comma, or augmented comma.
Many acoustics texts use the term greater diesis or diminished comma for the difference between an octave and four justly tuned minor thirds (tuned in the ratio 6:5), which is equal to three syntonic commas minus a schisma, equal to 648:625 or about 62.57 cents (almost one 63.16 cent step-size in 19 equal temperament). Being larger, this diesis was termed the "greater" while the 128:125 diesis (41.06 cents) was termed the "lesser".
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