Ash Carter
Ashton Baldwin Carter (September 24, 1954 – October 24, 2022) was an American government official and academic who served as the 25th United States secretary of defense from February 2015 to January 2017. He later served as director of the Belfer Center for Science & International Affairs at Harvard Kennedy School.
Carter began his career as a physicist. After a brief experience as an analyst for the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment, he switched careers to public policy. He joined the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University in 1984 and became chair of the International & Global Affairs faculty. Carter served as Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy during President Clinton's first term, from 1993 to 1996, responsible for policy regarding the former Soviet states, strategic affairs, and nuclear weapons.
During President Obama's first term, Carter served first as Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics and then Deputy Secretary of Defense until December 2013. In February 2015, he replaced Chuck Hagel as Secretary of Defense and served in that capacity until the end of the Obama administration. During his tenure, he ended the ban on transgender officers in the military. In 2016, Carter opened all military occupations and positions to women without exception.
For his service to national security, Carter was awarded the DOD Distinguished Public Service Medal five times. He also received the CJCS Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award and the Defense Intelligence Medal. He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2025 by President Joe Biden. Carter was author or co-author of eleven books and more than 100 articles on physics, technology, national security, and management.
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- 2016-09-13T00:00:00.000000Z
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