苏轼
Su Shi (traditional Chinese: 蘇軾; simplified Chinese: 苏轼; pinyin: Sū Shì; 8 January 1037 – 24 August 1101), courtesy name Zizhan (子瞻), art name Dongpo (東坡), was a Chinese poet, essayist, calligrapher, painter, scholar-official, literatus, artist, pharmacologist, and gastronome who lived during the Song dynasty. A major personality of the Song era, Su was an important figure in Song Dynasty politics. He had a lengthy career in bureaucracy, taking various provincial posts and briefly serving as a senior official at the imperial court. Despite his high hopes to serve the country, Su's political career was filled with frustrations due to his out-spoken criticism, and he often fell victim to political rivalries between the radical and the conservative forces. He endured a series of political exiles during which his creative career flourished.
Su is widely regarded as one of the most accomplished figures in classical Chinese literature, leaving behind a prolific collection of poems, lyrics, prose, and essays. His poetry had enduring popularity and influence in China and other areas in the near vicinity such as Japan, and is well known in some English-speaking countries through translations by Stephen Owen, Burton Watson, and Arthur Waley, among others. In arts, Su was described by Murck as "the preeminent personality of the eleventh century." His prose writings contributed to the understanding of topics including 11th-century China's travel literature and iron industry. His writing frequently touched upon the topic of cuisine, where he is considered to have had a profound influence. Dongpo pork, a prominent dish in Hangzhou cuisine, is named in his honor.
Su remains a revered and beloved figure among both intellectuals and the general populace, transcending the boundaries of his era. Contemporary Chinese scholars Zhu Gang and Wang Shuizhao observed that Su's impact on Chinese people's values and beliefs is profound, stating that his cultural and philosophical influence rivals that of notable philosophers like Mencius and Zhuangzi.
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