Microclimate
A microclimate (or micro-climate) refers to localized atmospheric conditions in the near-surface layer, which includes the air immediately above a surface as well as the shallow soil and water environments below it. A microclimate can range in size from a few meters to at most a few kilometers across. It is characterized by a set of persistent, measurable differences in the climate conditions from those in the adjacent surrounding areas. These differences may be subtle or pronounced when evaluated over a diurnal (day-night) or seasonal cycle.
Surfaces associated with microclimates include both natural and human made materials, on land and water.
Microclimates are directly caused by weather and climate processes. These processes can be shaped or influenced by contributing factors, such as topography, soil composition, vegetation structure and plant diversity as well as the mass of nearby objects, natural or human made.
Because microclimates are hyperlocal systems, scientific instruments and best practices accounting for the physics of heat transfer and the measurement of microclimate air temperatures are needed to produce accurate results.
Important applications of microclimate knowledge include, agriculture and microclimate engineering, climate change impact, reforestation planning, and energy management.
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