Versor

In mathematics, a versor is a quaternion of norm one, also known as a unit quaternion. Each versor has the form u = exp ⁡ ( a r ) = cos ⁡ a + r sin ⁡ a , r 2 = − 1 , a ∈ [ 0 , π ] , {\displaystyle u=\exp(a\mathbf {r} )=\cos a+\mathbf {r} \sin a,\quad \mathbf {r} ^{2}=-1,\quad a\in [0,\pi ],} where the r2 = −1 condition means that r is an imaginary unit. There is a sphere of imaginary units in the quaternions. Note that the expression for a versor is just Euler's formula for the imaginary unit r. In case a = π/2 (a right angle), then u = r {\displaystyle u=\mathbf {r} } , and it is called a right versor. The mapping q → u − 1 q u {\displaystyle q\to u^{-1}qu} corresponds to 3-dimensional rotation, and has the angle 2a about the axis r in axis–angle representation. The collection of versors, with quaternion multiplication, forms a group, and appears as a 3-sphere in the 4-dimensional quaternion algebra.

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