Ikigai
Ikigai (生き甲斐, lit. 'a reason for being') is a Japanese concept of an individual's definition of the meaning of their life.
Ikigai can be having a sense of purpose in life, as well as being a source of motivation. According to a study by Michiko Kumano, feeling ikigai as described in Japanese is usually the sense of accomplishment and fulfillment that follows when people pursue their passions. Activities that generate the feeling of ikigai are not imposed on an individual; they are perceived as spontaneous and undertaken willingly, making them personal and dependent on a person's inner self.
According to Japanese psychologist Katsuya Inoue, ikigai is a concept that consists of two aspects: "sources or objects that bring value or meaning to life" and "a feeling that one's life has value or meaning because of the existence of its source or object". Inoue classifies ikigai into three categories – social ikigai, non-social ikigai, and anti-social ikigai – from a social perspective. Social ikigai are forms accepted by society, such as volunteer activities and community activities. A non-social ikigai is not directly related to society, such as faith or self-discipline. Anti-social ikigai is the basic motivation for living through dark emotions, such as the desire to hate someone or something or to continue having a desire for revenge.
National Geographic reporter Dan Buettner suggested that ikigai may be one of the reasons for the longevity of the people of Okinawa. According to Buettner, Okinawans have less desire to retire and they continue doing their favorite job as long as they remain healthy. Moai, a close-knit group of friends, is also considered an important factor behind Okinawans' longevity.
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