Yadav
Yadavs are a grouping of non-elite, peasant-pastoral castes in India that, since the 19th and 20th centuries, have claimed descent from the legendary king Yadu as a part of a movement of social and political resurgence. The term "Yadav" is now commonly used as a surname by members of such communities, such as the Ahir of the Hindi belt and the Gavli of Maharashtra.
Historically, the Ahir, Gopi, and Goala groups had an ambiguous ritual status in caste stratification. Since the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Yadav movement has worked to improve the social standing of its constituents through Sanskritisation, adoption of Yadav as a surname, active participation in the armed forces, expansion of economic opportunities to include other, more prestigious business fields, and active participation in politics. Yadav leaders and intellectuals have often focused on their claimed descent from Yadu, and from Krishna, which they argue confers caste Hindu status upon them, and effort has been invested in recasting the group narrative to emphasise a martial character. However, the overall tenor of their movement has not been overtly egalitarian in the context of the larger Indian caste system. Yadavs benefited from Zamindari abolition in some states of north India like Bihar, but not to the extent that members of other Upper Backward Castes did.
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